The participants were asked to name their top three foods they were craving “right now,” which in turn was used as stimuli in the imagery task. The hungry condition was asked to refrain from eating and drinking anything except water for four hours prior to the testing session, whereas the not-hungry condition was asked to eat immediately prior to the session. ![]() The study included 42 first year females, ranging from ages 18-33, who were randomly assigned to either a “hungry” or “not-hungry” condition. The purpose was to investigate the manner in which hunger and visuo-spatial interference might affect imagery-induced food cravings This study laid the groundwork and was used as a launch pad in Steel, Kemps, and Tiggeman research in 2005, which looked at the effects of hunger as well as visuo-spatial interference on imagery-induced food cravings. Chocolate cake) actually reduced the vividness of the participants’ food images and similarly, so reduced their level of craving. In more recent research by Kemps, Tiggeman, and Wood in 2005 applied this premise and demonstrated that loading the visuo-spatial sketchpad with a task such as dynamic visual noise, all the while imaging popular or commonly craved foods (ex. This led to the premise that there is an imagery basis to food cravings. In their research they found that participants reported cravings for both pizza and ice cream upon being displayed both of these foods, regardless of whether they were hungry or full. Prior literature by Cornell, Rodin, and Weingarten in 1989 gives evidence that hunger is not a necessary component for the occurrence of a food craving. While creating a drawing of the flower, one must either keep referring back to the actual flower or continue to retrieve an image of a flower from your Long-term Memory. However, an interesting note is that images from our VSS fade quickly. You use your VSS to hold onto a picture of a flower in your mind while trying to reproduce it onto paper. In addition, the VSS is also used for tasks such as navigation – when we need to give directions to a friend or simply navigate ourselves through the city.Īnother function of the VSS is recreating images either based on something we’re seeing currently in real time or something we’ve seen in the past. This can be seen in a game of Tetris, as one rotates a shape to see how it might fit or appear from a different angle. ![]() The Visuo-spatial sketchpad is used in ways such as: temporarily storing information on how things look, for example, shapes and colours, and is also what allows us to manipulate images in our mind. The inner scribe also rehearses information in the visual cache and transfers information to the central executive. It has been proposed that the VSS can be further subdivided into 2 separate visual and spatial components: the visual cache – stores information on form and colour, and the inner scribe – focuses on spatial and movement information. The Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) is an important element in the function of working memory, as it is responsible for storing and processing information in visual or spatial form, as well as the location or speed of objects in space.
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